Indian Removal

As President Jackson wanted his policy to be carried out through his presidency, he ran into a problem with the supreme court due to the resistance of the Native Americans, particularly the Cherokees. The Cherokees who were willing to adopt the white ways were still punished after America wished to expand their land and move the Natives west. In 1830 congress passed an act which stated Indians could be relocated, if necessary by force. Supreme court had stopped this act by proving the cherokees were a "domestic dependent nation" and could not be forced by the state to give up their land. Nonetheless 2 years later Jackson carried out his policy to relocate and moved Chickasaws, choctaws, as well as the most submissive of the group the Cherokees. This led up to the Trail of tears where a fourth of about 16,000 indians died.

In 1832 the Cherokee tribe used the weapon of the white man which was law an brought the case to the supreme court, asking them to enforce theirs rights. In doing so the Cherokees were granted trade, treated as a nation and to respect their rights from Americans. One of these acts which considered the Native American lands as political communities and having a territorial boundary which their authority is exclusive and having a right to the land within those boundaries. This was guaranteed by the U.S. Although guaranteed many indians were forcibly moved and also killed. Therefore the act followed through by militaries sent by Jackson was unconstitutional and leads to many questions such as what else may be unconstitutional in the American government.

The document pertaining to the case against the Cherokees contests what we learned America had actually done to the cherokees along with other tribes.

We could use this in the future because we seen how America had gone against their word when saying the Cherokess would not be invaded. Although supreme court established this Jackson had followed through to gain support on relocating the indians.

Remember the Ladies

"Remember the Ladies." Letter to John Adams. 1776. MS. N.p.

Murray, Judith S. "On the Equality of the Sexes." Editorial. Massachusetts Magazine 1790: n. pag. Print.

In Abigail Adams' letter "remembering the ladies, she reminds her husband, much like in her title, that women are indeed important to society and most importantly man himself. In Abigail's third paragraph she mentions that all men would become tyrants if given the opportunity, without women there wouldn't be much to stop the act of men becoming these tyrants. But with women as a party of society or allowing them to be more than what they are in society would benefit men and society. Abigail claims that is rather obvious men in society wish to control females, giving them their position of "tyrant". In her last paragraph she tries to convey the idea that man and woman should be equal and it would cause less problems, particularly the idea of revolting against man. This would occur only if and when man binds women by law or are not given the voice wanted. In Judith Sargent Murray's article, she does more than what Adams had done considering her argument. In her letter she says that man and woman are both born equally and for man to treat woman indifferently is unlawful. She continues to acclaim that men and women no matter what age or sex are able to come together and each prove themselves, but because man does not allow that man will never know if women are truly inferior. As we have seen in our previous readings such as Thomas Paines "common sense" he brings up the idea of representation and such, but he never allows for woman to be represented in our government. As well as the declaration of independence which says we all have the same rights as "all men are created equal". But as we have seen men is not created equal as women are inferior to men and not allowed representation in the government and refused their education. These excerpts allow us to realize the different flaws in our developing country and how we tried to overcome these flaws. These excerpts do not limit us on much of the ideas given as it speaks for most women of its time ad we can come to the conclusion from our readings that men didn't think much of what women had felt.

American Revolution: Diversity & Demographics

During the American Revolutionary era there were a variety of diverse groups in the American colonies. Most of the people who inhabited the American colonies or the majority of citizens were known as Patriots while the minority was known as Loyalists. The patriots had fought for their independence from the king of England but the loyalists believed that the citizens in America should remain loyal to the King. Of these two groups there were many citizens undecided about which side to choose, so they became known as neutralists. The majority group and minority had a constant conflict due to their disagreement, and as a result the conflict had erupted into the American Revolution. During the revolution many lives had been lost on both sides affecting the population in America negatively but not severely. While the conflict raged on the majority had done multiple actions creating more problems with the loyalists. They would perform acts of violence such as Tarring and feathering, when the patriots would seek out a loyalist man such as a tax collector and cover his body in tar and feathers. When conflict is created between two opposing groups that disagree with each other it can lead to violence and loss of lives. For example the majority and minority groups that inhabited the American colonies, these two groups constantly disagreed with each other and it lead to violence and death.

Forgotten Founders

Johansen, Bruce E. Forgotten Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois, and the Rationale for the American Revolution. Ipswich, MA: Gambit, 1982. Print

In the source Forgotten Founders by Johansen, the views of Native Americans as well as the first pilgrims is talked about thoroughly. As we read about the multiple facts about the Native Americans and how they affected the live of the first pilgrims and helped them survive their first harsh winter in the New World. The source also discusses the idea that much of American government had been compared to the Iroquois federation, and this began as Lewis Henry Morgans idea. The Iroquois believed that much of what the colonies were bringing to the new world were common interest for their federation. The Iroquois also influence certain aspects of the american Government. The source states thats much of American tradition was influenced by the rich Native American democratic tradition in which allowed for many of the American ideas to emerge.

Annotated Bibliography: Columbus' Diary

Summary: Through this journal they explain how they traveled for about two days and saw few sights that could prove contact with land very soon. At 2 in the morning one night they came upon a small island known as Guanahani, filled with green trees, fruits, streams, and naked humans that were very friendly and open to to the Admiral and Captain of the Nina.
Critique:
Perspective of this diary is from the POV of Columbus. But it lacked the perspective of his crew members as well as the indians they came into contact with. The author is biased in this diary because he excludes the ideas or thoughts of the indians. This journal shows us the first interaction that Columbus' crew had with the Indies. But it doesnt elaborate much on the perspective on the Indians or the crew members. This diary does show us how they did come into contact with the Indies and what first contact was like.

Pre-Columbian Societies "Demographics & Diversity"

Before 1491, societies throughout America were not as sophisticated as today as a more obvious statement to say the least. But, many societies were very sophisticated for there time period, such as the Aztec or Myan society, which even had their own government as well as multiple cities throughout their civilizations, that had been governed by this central government. Societies such as the Iroqouis, which had a confederation as their government, but was eventually made into a democracy. Like many societies they even went to war with each other, due to the fact that they had many many tribes throughout the New York area. The Anasazi tribe, was a tribe mainly dedicated to farming, but the females were the farmers. While the males were not farmers more often gatherers or hunters. The diversity in these civilizations kept most of them in there own areas, limiting the confrontation between civilizations. In many of these civilizations the females were mostly stay at home moms, and the men were on top, hunting, gather, and provide protection for their society.